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Copper
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general - scientific
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General
Gemstone Details
History, Legend and Lore of Copper
use by humans is a long and varied, dating back nearly 10,000 years with
multiple applications. Copper is, in fact, humanity’s first metal and
shows up in Sumerian and Egyptian metallurgy circa 3900 BC.
Egypt
Egyptians were
among the first human cultures to use Copper, but they were also one of
the first to develop Bronze, a mixture of Tin and Copper, and usher in the
Bronze Age of human history. As early as 3900 BC, they were developing
Copper products that became more and more common and eventually showed up
in common household items such as cooking pots. By 2500 BC, Egyptian
jewelry makers had developed Copper working to such a level that they were
creating crowns and headdresses made of the metal.
Asia
Copper use had spread to Asia quite quickly after its development in the
middle East, but most examples remaining are from the last few centuries.
Indian use of Copper excelled and their techniques soon spread to other
parts of Asia. Beyond common uses, Asian cultures and religions, such as
Buddhism and Hinduism, used Copper in the creation of fantastic inlays,
embossed facades on palaces and temples, and ceremonial vessels.
Copper
in Pre-Columbian America
Copper use in Pre-Columbian America seems to have developed independently
around and possibly before the time that it began in the Middle East.
Metal working by some cultures was so advanced by the time Europeans
arrived, that the techniques the native workers had developed rivaled
those of the invaders. Pre-Columbian Americans used Copper for bells,
ornaments, weapons, beads, earrings and armor of very good technical
quality.
Christianity
Many Christian rituals traditionally call for the use of Copper, so much
so that their uses are too numerous to list here.
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Scientific Properties:
Mohs Hardness of 2.5 with a cubic crystal structure.Copper has many
properties which make it nearly indispensable to modern civilizations.
Copper is an essential nutrient to all high plants and animals. In
animals, including humans, it is found primarily in the bloodstream, as a
co-factor in various enzymes, and in copper-based pigments. In sufficient
amounts, copper can be poisonous and even fatal to organisms.
Copper is a reddish-colored metal, with a high electrical and thermal
conductivity (silver is the only pure metal to have a higher electrical
conductivity at room temperature).
Oxidation copper is mildly basic. Copper has its characteristic color
because it reflects red and orange light and absorbs other frequencies in
the visible spectrum, due to its band structure. This can be contrasted
with the optical properties of silver, gold and aluminum.
Copper occupies the same family of the periodic table as silver and
gold, since they each have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled
electron shell. This similarity in electron structure makes them similar
in many characteristics. All have very high thermal and electrical
conductivity, and all are malleable metals.
In its liquefied state, a pure copper surface without ambient light
appears somewhat greenish, another characteristic shared with gold. Silver
does not have this property, so it is not a complementary color for the
orange incandescence color. When liquid copper is in bright ambient light,
it retains some of its pinkish luster. Due to its high surface tension,
the liquid metal does not wet surfaces but instead forms spherical
droplets when poured on a surface.
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general - scientific
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Mystical
Properties:
Due to the fact that copper is such a wonderful physical conductor of electricity
and heat, it is also considered the conductor of the spiritualist's belief
system. According to myths, copper has the ability to conduct spiritual
energy back and forth between individuals, crystals, auras, the mind and
the spirit world.
It is also believed that copper has the power to amplify thoughts when
sending and receiving psychic communications. New Age followers carry
copper with their stones and crystals to 'straighten' the properties of
them, as well they are used when crating crystal wands to be certain of
their clear and straight powers. Copper is also quite instrumental
in the physical and mental healing rites of many peoples of this world
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More Healing Information
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Healing
Properties:
Again, healers base their belief in Copper’s power to
heal the mind and body based on the metal’s energy conducting
properties. They believe that it can even facilitate this process and use
it for creating crystal wands and other means of transferring the energy
of crystals. They also attribute many of the same healing qualities to
crystals and minerals that contain Copper traces.
It is sued to alleviate cramp like symptoms, and also said to promote
the smooth functioning of the glands, and can help prevent wear, tear and
calcification of the joints.
Emotional
Healing
According to New Age healers, Copper can stimulate the flow of energy and
hence move psychic energies thereby helping the wearer overcome lethargic
tendencies, resulting in a more vitalized person with amplified thoughts.
They also attribute powers of communication, channeling, cleansing,
purification, increasing self-esteem and freeing the wearer of mental
burdens.
Physical
Healing
Beginning in the 1970s in the United States, copper used as a healing
agent began to increase. People who believe in its power esteem it as a
very powerful assistant with arthritic and rheumatic diseases, but also
look to it for its healing properties in improving the circulation of
blood, increasing energy, detoxification, reducing inflammation,
stabilizing metabolism and improving oxygen use.
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general - scientific
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Magical
Properties:
Energy: Receptive
Element: Water
Deity: Aphrodite, Astarte, Ishtar
Powers:
Energy direction, healing, luck, love,
protection, moneyCopper has long been linked with the divine,
during ancient Mesopotamian times it was attributed to the Queen of Heaven
as well as to the goddesses associated with the planet Venus.
Copper is a lucky metal, perhaps due to its past solar attributations,
and therefore can be used in conjunction with any other luck bringing
stones for more powerful rites and rituals.
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general - scientific
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Zodiac:
Associations:
Venus
Not a
Traditional Birthstone for any Month
Not linked to any particular star sign.
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Chakra
Classification:
Copper can be used effectively on all chakras but is particularly
effective on the 1st,
Root or Base Chakra and 4th,
Heart Chakra,
as preparation for meditation.
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Gemstone
Properties
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Information Sources:
The Crystal Bible by Judy Hall, 2003
Wheels of Life by Anodea Judith, PhD, 2000
Crystal Enchantments by D.J. Conway, 1999
Smithsonian Handbooks Gemstones by Cally Hall, 1994
Crystal, Gem and Metal Magic by Scott Cunningham, 2002
Chakra Healing & Karmic Awareness by Keith Sherwood, 2005
The Illustrated Directory of Crystal Healing by Cassandra Eason, 2003
Healing Crystals and Gemstones by Dr. Flora Peschek-Bohmer, Gisela
Schrieber, 2002
The
information here is presented to you to use as you see fit, but is
not to take the place of professional medical advice.
Crystals, Gemstones and Metal can accent, help, negate, protect,
encourage, strengthen, and balance and thereby promote healing.
Their effects can be extraordinary, but use in addition to medical
advice, and not as a substitute for proper care. If you are ill, we
beseech you to seek professional medical attention
from a qualified physician. |